# Title: Clustering of Local Group distances: publication bias or
# correlated measurements? IV. The Galactic Center
# Authors: Richard de Grijs, Giuseppe Bono
# Journal: The Astrophysical Journal Supplements, 227, 5 (2016); arXiv:1610.02457
# Table: GCdistbyyear.html
#
# updated 27/11/2016
#
# MM YYYY R0 Uncertainties References; notes
# (kpc) Stat. Syst.
10 1918 13 0. 0. # Shapley 1918, ApJ, 48, 154; 69 GCs (Cepheids)
04 1939 10 0. 0. # Joy 1939, ApJ, 89, 356; Cepheid-based kinematic model of the Milky Way; range 7.3-11.7 kpc
03 1940 6.72 0. 0. # Trumpler 1940, ApJ, 91, 186; radial velocities of Galactic clusters
06 1950 8.7 0. 0. # Baade 1951, Michigan Publ., 10, 7; RR Lyrae, assuming M = 0 mag (absolute magnitude); Baade's Window (dedication of Heber D. Curtis telescope, 25/05/1950)
06 1950 8.16 0. 0. # Baade 1951, Michigan Publ., 10, 16; RR Lyrae
12 1951 9.4 0. 0. # Morgan & Oort 1951, BAN, 11, 379; open clusters, referenced in Weaver (1954)
00 1954 8.16 0. 0. # Oort-Baade value: 1954 (see, e.g., Woolley 1963, JBAA, 73, 131); RR Lyrae
05 1954 8.26 0. 0. # van de Hulst et al. 1954, BAN, 12, 117; HI
11 1954 8.8 0. 0. # Weaver 1954, AJ, 59, 375; open clusters, Cepheids
09 1960 12.0 1.5 0. # Kron & Mayall 1960, AJ, 65, 581; RR Lyrae
09 1960 12.5 1.5 0. # Kron & Mayall 1960, AJ, 65, 581; globular clusters
10 1961 10.5 1.5 0. # Brandt 1961, PASP, 73, 324; comparison with M31, mass modeling
12 1962 9.3 2 0. # Fernie 1962, AJ, 67, 769; solar neighbourhood GCs
12 1962 9.7 0. 0. # Fernie 1962, AJ, 67, 769; literature average
08 1964 10 0. 0. # IAU standard 1964
07 1965 9.9 0.9 0. # Feast & Shuttleworth 1965, MNRAS, 130, 245; B stars, open clusters, Cepheids
08 1965 11.4 0.2 0. # Howard & Kirk 1965, AJ, 70, 434; Cepheids, open clusters, Galactic rotation model
01 1967 9.8 1.4 0. # Feast 1967, MNRAS, 136, 141; Cepheids, B stars, open clusters
10 1970 6.1 0. 0. # Plaut 1970, A&A, 8, 341; RR Lyrae, "R0 is clearly much smaller than 10 kpc."
06 1972 7.0 0.6 0. # Hartwick et al. 1972, ApJ, 174, 573; bulge RR Lyrae
06 1972 8.25 0.5 0. # Toomre 1972, QJRAS, 13, 241; dynamical modeling (8 or 8.5 kpc)
00 1973 8.2 0.5 0. # Barkhatova et al. 1973, Astron. Tsir., 743, 3; open clusters
08 1973 7.8 0.6 0. # Oort 1973 -- talk at IAU meeting in Sydney, referenced in Balona & Feast (1974); RR Lyrae, MV(RR) = 0.5 mag
02 1974 9.0 2.0 0. # van den Bergh 1974, ApJL, 188, L9; Galactic bulge turn-off point (+2.1 -1.8) - lower limit
05 1974 9.2 2.2 0. # van den Bergh & Herbst 1974, AJ, 79, 603; Galactic bulge turn-off point
06 1974 9.0 1.6 0. # Balona & Feast 1974, MNRAS, 167, 621; kinematics of OB stars at the solar circle (+1.9 -1.3)
07 1974 8.9 0.5 0. # Cruz-González 1974, MNRAS, 168, 41; density gradient of nearby stars (R < 25 pc), Freeman's exponential model
09 1974 9.0 0. 0. # Rybicki et al. 1974, BAAS, 6, 453; HI gas, rotation curve, disk model
05 1975 9.0 0. 0. # Crampton & Georgelin 1975, A&A, 40, 317; HII regions, kinematics
06 1975 8.7 0.6 0. # Oort & Plaut 1975, A&A, 41, 71; bulge RR Lyrae, 5 fields; Mpg(RR) = 0.7 mag
06 1975 9.5 0. 0. # Oort & Plaut 1975, A&A, 41, 71; bulge RR Lyrae, Baade's Window; Mpg(RR) = 0.7 mag
06 1975 8.5 1.6 0. # Harris 1975, BAAS, 7, 436; 111 GCs
09 1976 8.4 1.0 0. # Crampton et al. 1976, MNRAS, 176, 683; kinematics of OB stars at the solar circle
12 1976 8.5 1.6 0. # Harris 1976, AJ, 81, 1095; 111 GCs; MV(HB) = 0.6 mag
12 1976 8.8 0.7 0. # Harris 1976, AJ, 81, 1095; weighted average, 1972-1975
00 1977 8.5 0. 0. # Belikov & Syrovoj 1977, Astron. Tsirc., 968, 5; globular clusters
06 1978 6.7 0. 0. # Clube & Watson 1978, Obs, 98, 124; bulge RR Lyrae
10 1978 10.4 0.5 0. # Byl & Ovenden 1978, ApJ, 225, 496; 1000 disk OB stars, Cepheids, open clusters; radial velocities
10 1978 9.2 1.3 0. # Sasaki & Ishizawa 1978, A&A, 69, 381; globular clusters, MV(HB) = 0.5 mag
11 1978 7.0 0.7 0. # de Vaucouleurs & Buta 1978, AJ, 83, 1383; globular clusters, MV(RR) = 0.86 mag
02 1980 7.0 1.0 0. # Clube & Dawe 1980, MNRAS, 190, 591; RR Lyrae, Cepheids, statistical parallax; MV(RR) = 1.0 mag
10 1980 10.3 0.6 0. # Surdin 1980, SvA, 24, 550; globular clusters
10 1980 9.9 0.3 0. # Surdin 1980, SvA, 24, 550; globular clusters
10 1980 10.1 0.7 0. # Surdin 1980, SvA, 24, 550; mean, globular clusters, MV(RR) = 0.6 mag
12 1980 8.5 0.7 0. # Quiroga 1980, A&A, 92, 186; HI and HII regions, OB stars
12 1980 8.4 0. 0. # Quiroga 1980, A&A, 92, 186; HII regions
08 1981 10.5 4.0 0. # Genzel et al. 1981, ApJ, 247, 1039; W51 Main proper motions, kinematic model
10 1981 10.4 2.0 0. # Schneps 1981, ApJ, 249, 124; W51 Main proper motions, kinematic model
12 1981 9.1 0.6 0. # Caldwell & Ostriker 1981, ApJ, 251, 61; model of mass distribution, MV(RR) = 0.6 mag
01 1982 6.8 0.8 0. # Frenk & White 1982, MNRAS, 198, 173; 65 metal-poor and 11 metal-rich GCs
01 1982 9.2 0.6 0. # Glass & Feast 1982, MNRAS, 198, 199; Miras, RR Lyrae
01 1982 8.3 0.6 0. # Glass & Feast 1982, MNRAS, 198, 199; revised by Feast (1984)
05 1982 8.0 2.0 0. # Knapp 1983, in Kinematics, dynamics and structure of the Milky Way, (Dordrecht: Reidel), ASSL, 100, 233; kinematics of HII regions
05 1982 8.2 0. 0. # Ostriker & Caldwell 1983, in Kinematics, dynamics and structure of the Milky Way, ASSL, 100, p. 249; Galactic mass model
05 1983 8.5 0.5 0. # de Vaucouleurs 1983, ApJ, 268, 451; literature average, 1974-1982
09 1983 9.2 1.2 0. # Herman 1983, PhD thesis, Leiden University (Netherlands); OH masers in circumstellar shells
06 1984 7 0. 0. # Ebisuzaki et al. 1984, PASJ, 36, 551; LEdd, X-ray bursters, assuming that the objects are 1.4 M⊚ (15% variation likely; Ebisuzaki et al. 1987); range 4-8 kpc
09 1984 6.94 0.58 0. # Blanco & Blanco 1985, Mem. Soc. Astron. It., 56, 15; bulge RR Lyrae if <Mbol> ∝ [Fe/H], mean MV = 0.82 mag
09 1984 7.95 0.69 0. # Blanco & Blanco 1985, Mem. Soc. Astron. It., 56, 15; bulge RR Lyrae if MV = +0.6 mag
09 1984 7.3 0.5 0. # Blanco & Blanco 1985, Mem. Soc. Astron. It., 56, 15; best compromise
00 1985 8.2 0.5 0. # Barkhatova et al. 1985, Byull. Abastuman. Astrofiz. Obs., 59, 169; open clusters
00 1985 7.9 0.1 0. # Rohlfs 1985, referenced in Kerr & Lynden-Bell 1986; HI
01 1985 7.7 1 0. # Molnar 1985, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, USA; Cygnus X-3, LEdd
02 1985 9.2 1.2 0. # Herman et al. 1985, A&A, 143, 122; OH/IR stars (masers), Θ0 = 250 km s-1
09 1985 8.2 0.8 0. # Iurevich 1985, Afz, 23, 265 (translation: Astrophys., 23, 520); OH clouds, rotation curve (+0.9-0.7 kpc)
04 1986 7.9 0.7 0. # Rohlfs et al. 1986, A&A, 158, 181; HII regions, rotation curve
05 1986 8.1 0.4 0. # Walker & Mack 1986, MNRAS, 220, 69; 11 bulge RR Lyrae, Baade's Window; MV(RR) = 0.6 mag
08 1986 8.3 0.6 0. # Kerr & Lynden-Bell 1986, MNRAS, 221, 1023; Miras, μLMC = 18.50 mag
08 1986 7 1.0 0. # Kerr & Lynden-Bell 1986, MNRAS, 221, 1023; median of literature values, MV(HB) = 0.6 mag
08 1986 8.54 1.1 0. # Kerr & Lynden-Bell 1986, MNRAS, 221, 1023; straight mean, 1974-1986
08 1986 8.5 1.0 0. # IAU standard 1986
08 1986 7.8 0.8 0. # Feast 1987, in The Galaxy, ed. G. Gilmore & B. Carswell (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 1; literature average, 1974-1986
09 1986 8.0 0.5 0. # Brand 1986, Ph.D. thesis, Leiden University (Netherlands); HII regions, Θ0 = 220 km s-1
04 1987 8.3 1.0 0. # Backer & Sramek 1987, AIPC, 155, 163; Sgr A* proper motion, combined with Θ0 = 237 ± 12 km s-1 from Metzger et al. (1998)
05 1987 7.8 0.7 0. # Caldwell & Coulson 1987, AJ, 93, 1090; 188 Cepheids, kinematics, for μLMC = 18.45 mag
05 1987 8.0 0.5 0. # Blitz & Brand 1988, LNP, 306, 73; HII regions, dynamical modeling, Θ0 = 220 km s-1
06 1987 8.0 0.65 0. # Fernley et al. 1987, MNRAS, 226, 927; bulge RR Lyrae, infrared; <MV(RR)> ~ 0.65 mag
07 1988 7.1 1.5 0. # Reid et al. 1988, ApJ, 330, 809; H2O masers in Sgr B2N (statistical + systematic uncertainties)
07 1988 10.8 4.8 0. # Reid et al. 1988, ApJ, 330, 809; Genzel et al. (1981) H2O masers in W51, assuming Θ0 = 220 km s-1
07 1988 7.7 0.7 0. # Reid 1989, IAUS, 136, 37; literature average, 1972-1986
09 1988 6.5 1.5 0. # Reid et al. 1988, BAAS, 20, 1017; H2O masers in Sgr B2M; actual value quoted in Reid (1993)
11 1989 7.5 0.9 0. # Racine & Harris 1989, AJ, 98, 1609; globular clusters
09 1990 7.7 0.5 0. # Pottasch 1990, A&A, 236, 231; PNLF in the Galactic bulge for DLMC = 47 kpc
06 1991 8.6 0.5 0. # Whitelock et al. 1991, MNRAS, 250, 638; Miras, μLMC = 18.47 mag
06 1991 8.0 0.4 0. # Whitelock et al. 1991, MNRAS, 250, 638; Miras, μLMC = 18.47 mag
09 1991 8.2 1.0 0. # Walker & Terndrup 1991, ApJ, 378, 119; 44 RR Lyrae, MV = 0.85 mag, Baade's Window (<[Fe/H]> = -1.0 ± 0.16 dex), RV = 3.1
09 1991 7.7 0. 0. # Walker & Terndrup 1991, ApJ, 378, 119; RR Lyrae, for RV = 3.35 and Carney et al. (1992) distance scale (MV = 0.85 mag); Baade's Window
00 1992 9.1 0. 0. # Whitelock 1992, in Variable Stars and Galaxies, ASP Conf. Ser., 30, ed. B. Warner, p. 11; Miras
02 1992 8.5 0.5 0. # Caldwell et al. 1992, ASPC, 30, 111; 212 Cepheids, Θ0 = 248 ± 16 km s-1, for μLMC = 18.55 mag
03 1992 7.6 0.6 0. # Moran et al. 1993, LNP, 412, 244; 7 H2O masers, Θ0 = 220 km s-1 (adopted)
04 1992 7.6 0.7 0. # Dopita et al. 1992, ApJ, 389, 27; PNLFs in the Galactic bulge
05 1992 7.9 0.8 0. # Merrifield 1992, AJ, 103, 1552; HI, Θ0 = 200 ± 10 km s-1
07 1992 8.1 1.1 0. # Gwinn et al. 1992, ApJ, 393, 149; H2O masers, W49; Θ0 = 220 km s-1 (adopted)
07 1992 8.8 0.9 0. # Moran 1993, in Sub-arcsecond Radio Astronomy, p. 62; OH/IR stars, Θ0 = 220 km s-1 (adopted)
00 1993 7.9 1.4 0. # Reid 1993, ARA&A, 31, 345; GCs, literature average, 1972-1993
08 1993 7.6 0.4 0. # Maciel 1993, Ap&SS, 206, 285; 46 GCs with [Fe/H] > -1.2 dex, MV(HB) = 0.6 mag
05 1994 8.09 0.30 0. # Pont et al. 1994, A&A, 285, 415; Cepheids, Θ0 = 257 ± 7 km s-1, μLMC = 18.47 mag
08 1994 7.5 0.7 0. # Backer 1996, IAUS, 169, 193; VLA-based proper motion of Sgr A* (also Reid 1998); R0 from Surdin (1999), no Θ0
09 1994 7.5 1.0 0. # Nikiforov & Petrovskaya 1994, ARep, 38, 642; HI, HII, revised by Nikiforov (2000) (no further information)
09 1994 7 0.5 0. # Rastorguev et al. 1994, AstL, 20, 591; globular clusters, MV(RR) = 0.6 mag
03 1995 8.7 0.7 0. # Glass et al. 1995, MNRAS, 273, 383; Miras, for μLMC = 18.55 mag
03 1995 8.9 0.7 0. # Glass et al. 1995, MNRAS, 273, 383; Miras, if located in the Galactic bar
05 1995 7.1 0.5 0. # Dambis et al. 1995, AstL, 21, 291; classical Cepheids, kinematics, μLMC = 18.4 mag, μHyades = 3.30 mag (no Θ0)
10 1995 7.80 0.40 0. # Carney et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 1674; 58 bulge RR Lyrae in Baade's Window, <MV> = 0.85 mag for <[Fe/H]> = -1.0 dex
10 1995 8.1 0.4 0. # Carney et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 1674; 58 bulge RR Lyrae in Baade's Window, <MK> = -2.33 log P0 - 0.88 mag
10 1995 8.9 0.5 0. # Carney et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 1674; 58 bulge RR Lyrae, RR Lyrae calibration for μLMC = 18.50 mag (but see Feast 1997)
10 1995 8.3 1.0 0. # Carney et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 1674; 58 bulge RR Lyrae, Baade's Window, combined value
10 1995 7.4 1.4 0. # Carney et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 1674; weighted average of Sgr B2N, Sgr B2M, W49 (incl. systematic error)
12 1995 8.21 0.98 0. # Huterer et al. 1995, AJ, 110, 2705; statistical parallax, nuclear star cluster, 50 M giants
11 1996 7.6 0.4 0. # Layden et al. 1996, AJ, 112, 2110; RR Lyrae, BW, MV(RR) = 0.15 [Fe/H] + 0.95 mag, μLMC = 18.28 mag
11 1996 8.3 0.5 0. # Layden et al. 1996, AJ, 112, 2110; RR Lyrae, BW, MV(RR) = +0.60 mag, μLMC = 18.28 mag
11 1996 7.9 0.6 0. # Layden et al. 1996, AJ, 112, 2110; "best value" excluding the optical RR Lyrae-dependent methods
12 1996 7.7 1.0 0. # Honma & Sofue 1996, PASJ, 48, L103; Θ0 = 200 km s-1 (adopted, preferred); OH/IR stars from Moran (1993), no metallicity gradient
12 1996 8.9 0.8 0. # Honma & Sofue 1996, PASJ, 48, L103; Θ0 = 220 km s-1 (adopted, preferred); OH/IR, same data
12 1996 7.9 1.0 0. # Honma & Sofue 1996, PASJ, 48, L103; Θ0 = 200 km s-1 (adopted, preferred); young stars, no metallicity gradient
12 1996 7.2 1.0 0. # Honma & Sofue 1996, PASJ, 48, L103; Θ0 = 200 km s-1 (adopted, preferred); young stars, typical metallicity gradient
01 1997 8.1 0.4 0. # Feast 1997, MNRAS, 284, 761; 18 RR Lyrae, MV = 0.37 [Fe/H] + 1.13 mag, μLMC = 18.53 mag
04 1997 7.5 0.7 0. # Reid et al. 1998, ASPC, 144, 335; proper motion of Sgr A*, distance determined by Surdin (1999)
11 1997 8.5 0.5 0. # Feast & Whitelock 1997, MNRAS, 291, 683; Cepheids, μLMC = 18.47 mag, R0 from Pont et al. (1994), new PLR
11 1997 8.2 0.6 0. # Feast & Whitelock 1997, MNRAS, 291, 683; Cepheids, μLMC = 18.47 mag, R0 from Metzger et al. (1998), new PLR
00 1998 8.6 1.0 0. # Surdin & Feoktistov 1998; globular clusters, quoted in Surdin (1999) as "submitted"
01 1998 7.3 0.3 0. # Glushkova et al. 1998, A&A, 329, 514; 202 open clusters, Cepheids; Θ0 = 200 ± 15 km s-1, μHyades = 3.30 mag
02 1998 7.66 0.32 0.44 # Metzger et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 635; classical Cepheids, kinematics, μLMC = 18.50 mag, Θ0 = 237 ± 12 km s-1
02 1998 7.95 0.31 0. # Metzger et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 635; 7 Cepheids near solar circle, no ellipticity
02 1998 7.61 0.30 0. # Metzger et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 635; 7 Cepheids near solar circle, 4% ellipticity
02 1998 8.3 1.0 0. # Metzger et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 635; Sgr A* proper motion of Sgr A* (Backer & Sramek 1987), with new circular velocity, Θ0 = 237 ± 12 km s-1
02 1998 8.4 0.4 0. # Paczyński & Stanek 1998, ApJL, 494, L219; combined statistical + systematic error
04 1998 8.1 0.25 0. # Udalski 1998, AcA, 48, 113; 73 RRab Lyrae, RC stars, MV(RR) = 0.88 ± 0.14 mag at [Fe/H] = -1.0 dex
07 1998 7.1 0.4 0. # Olling & Merrifield 1998, MNRAS, 297, 943; Θ0 = 184 ± 8 km s-1; stellar kinematics, HI, HII
08 1998 8.2 0.15 0.15 # Stanek & Garnavich 1998, ApJL, 503, L131; RC stars
08 1998 8.51 0.29 0. # Feast et al. 1998, MNRAS, 298, L43; 266 Cepheids, kinematics, μLMC = 18.70 mag
09 1998 7.6 0.35 0. # Morgan et al. 1998, AcA, 48, 509; OGLE δ Scuti stars, early PLR (B) of Petersen & Høg (1998)
00 1999 7.4 0.3 0. # Glushkova et al. 1999, A&AT, 18, 349; 202 open clusters, Cepheids, RSGs; Θ0 = 204 ± 15 km s-1, μHyades = 3.30 mag (conference paper)
00 1999 8.6 1.0 0. # Surdin 1999, A&AT, 18, 367; 126 GCs, MV(HB) = 0.20 [Fe/H] + 1.00 mag
06 1999 8.2 0.7 0. # Nikiforov 2000, ASPC, 209, 403; Θ0 = 215 ± 24 km s-1; HI, CO rotation curves
02 2000 7.9 0.3 0. # McNamara et al. 2000, PASP, 112, 202 -- also ASPC, 203, 208; δ Scuti stars
06 2000 8.67 0.4 0. # Stanek et al. 2000, AcA, 50, 191; RC stars
08 2000 8.24 0.42 0. # Alves 2000, ApJ, 539, 732; K; RC stars
09 2000 7.9 0.85 0. # Genzel et al. 2000, MNRAS, 317, 348; nuclear star cluster kinematics
09 2000 8.2 0.9 0. # Genzel et al. 2000, MNRAS, 317, 348; nuclear star cluster kinematics
02 2001 8.63 0.16 0. # Gould et al. 2001, ApJ, 547, 590; RC stars
11 2003 7.94 0.33 0.16 # Eisenhauer et al. 2003, ApJL, 597, L121; S2 orbital modeling
11 2003 7.2 0.9 0. # Eisenhauer et al. 2003, ApJL, 597, L121; cluster parallax, assuming a uniform, isotropic, phase-mixed system
02 2004 8.3 0.3 0. # Gerasimenko 2004, ARep, 48, 103; 146 open clusters, Weaver's method, no Θ0
02 2004 8.0 0. 0. # Gerasimenko 2004, ARep, 48, 103; 34 open clusters, Fokker's method, no Θ0
11 2004 7.9 0.2 0. # Nikiforov 2004, ASPC, 316, 199; literature average
03 2005 8.3 0.1 0. # Nishiyama et al. 2005, ApJL, 621, L105; RC stars
04 2005 7.7 0.15 0. # Babusiaux & Gilmore 2005, MNRAS, 358, 1309; RC stars
04 2005 7.6 0.15 0. # Babusiaux & Gilmore 2005, MNRAS, 358, 1309; RC stars, Alves (2000) calibration
06 2005 8.01 0.44 0. # Avedisova 2005, ARep, 49, 435; Θ0 = 200 ± 4 km s-1, CO of 270 star-forming regions
06 2005 7.80 0.33 0. # Avedisova 2005, ARep, 49, 435; weighted average of literature values
07 2005 7.62 0.32 0. # Eisenhauer et al. 2005, ApJ, 628, 246; S2 orbital modeling
07 2005 7.72 0.33 0. # Eisenhauer et al. 2005, ApJ, 628, 246; S2 orbital modeling, excl. data from 2002 (cf. Francis & Anderson 2014)
11 2005 8.6 0.7 0. # Groenewegen & Blommaert 2005, A&A, 443, 143; 2691 Miras for μLMC = 18.50 mag
11 2005 8.8 0.4 0. # Groenewegen & Blommaert 2005, A&A, 443, 143; 2691 Miras, Feast (2004) calibration
03 2006 7.73 0.32 0. # Zucker et al. 2006, ApJL, 639, L21; S2 data from Eisenhauser et al. (2005), corrected
03 2006 7.2 0.3 0. # Bonatto et al. 2009, in Globular Clusters - Guides to Galaxies, ESO Astrophys. Symp., p. 209; globular clusters
04 2006 7.2 0.3 0. # Bica et al. 2006, A&A, 450, 105; 116 GCs, MV(HB) = 0.16 [Fe/H] + 0.84 mag
08 2006 7.52 0.10 0.35 # Nishiyama et al. 2006, ApJ, 647, 1093; RC stars
08 2006 7.98 0.42 0. # Nishiyama et al. 2006, ApJ, 647, 1093; RC stars, recalibration of Alves (2000)
11 2006 8.8 0.3 0. # Collinge et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 197; 159 BW RR Lyrae, MV = 0.72 ± 0.04 mag
11 2006 8.0 0.3 0. # Collinge et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 197; 159 BW RR Lyrae, MV = 0.92 ± 0.13 mag
11 2006 8.3 0.7 0. # Collinge et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 197; 159 BW RR Lyrae, combined
02 2007 8.25 0.79 0. # Shen & Zhu 2007, ChJA&A, 7, 120; 1200 O-B5 stars, Θ0 = 244 ± 14 km s-1
02 2007 7.95 0.62 0. # Shen & Zhu 2007, ChJA&A, 7, 120; 270 open clusters, Θ0 = 244 ± 14 km s-1, μHyades = 3.42 mag
02 2007 8.1 0.7 0. # Shen & Zhu 2007, ChJA&A, 7, 120; mean value (open clusters, OB stars)
07 2007 8.6 0. 0. # Rattenbury et al. 2007, MNRAS, 378, 1064; erratum: MNRAS, 382, 1376; RC stars, upper limit
07 2007 7.4 0.2 0. # Olling 2007, MNRAS, 378, 1385; bias-free "orbital parallax method" (Armstrong et al. 1992) of stars orbiting Sgr A*
11 2007 7.4 0.3 0. # Bobylev et al. 2007, AstL, 33, 720; 375 open clusters, Θ0 = 195 ± 7 km s-1 (their Fig. 3), μHyades = 3.42 mag
11 2007 9.5 0.7 0. # Bobylev et al. 2007, AstL, 33, 720; young open clusters (< 50 Myr), Θ0 = 195 ± 7 km s-1 (their Fig. 3), μHyades = 3.42 mag
11 2007 5.6 0.3 0. # Bobylev et al. 2007, AstL, 33, 720; old open clusters (> 50 Myr), Θ0 = 195 ± 7 km s-1 (their Fig. 3), μHyades = 3.42 mag
02 2008 8.7 0.4 0. # Kunder et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 631; RR Lyrae, MV = 0.72 ± 0.04 mag
02 2008 7.9 0.6 0. # Kunder et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 631; RR Lyrae, MV = 0.92 ± 0.13 mag
04 2008 7.94 0.37 0.26 # Groenewegen et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 441; Cepheids and RR Lyrae; μLMC = 18.50 mag mag
04 2008 7.87 0.64 0.26 # Groenewegen et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 441; 37 RR Lyrae, K, PLC from Sollima et al. (2006); μLMC = 18.50 mag
04 2008 8.0 0.7 0. # Groenewegen et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 441; 37 RR Lyrae, K, PLR from Sollima et al. (2006); μLMC = 18.50 mag
04 2008 7.99 0.09 0. # Groenewegen et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 441; Type II Cepheids; μLMC = 18.50 mag
06 2008 7.64 0.21 0. # Feast et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 2115; Type II Cepheids, μLMC = 18.37 ± 0.09 mag
06 2008 8.18 0.56 0. # Feast et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 2115; Type II Cepheids, incl. κ Pav, μLMC = 18.37 ± 0.09 mag
07 2008 8.3 0.3 0. # Ghez et al. 2008, IAUS, 248, 52; S2 oribital modeling, 1995-2007
12 2008 8.0 0.6 0. # Ghez et al. 2008, ApJ, 689, 1044; S2 orbital modeling, no assumptions regarding the black hole
12 2008 8.4 0.4 0. # Ghez et al. 2008, ApJ, 689, 1044; S2 orbital modeling, black hole no intrinsic motion relative to the nuclear star cluster
12 2008 8.0 0.3 0. # Kunder & Chaboyer 2008, AJ, 136, 2441; 2690 bulge RR0 Lyrae, MV = 1.19 + 0.5 [Fe/H] + 0.09 [Fe/H]2 mag
12 2008 8.07 0.35 0. # Trippe et al. 2008, A&A, 492, 419; cluster parallax, 664 late-type giants
02 2009 8.33 0.35 0. # Gillessen et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 1075; orbital modeling, incl. systematic errors
02 2009 8.40 0.29 0. # Gillessen et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 1075; orbital modeling, incl. systematic errors, excl. S2
02 2009 8.33 0.17 0.31 # Gillessen et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 1075; orbital modeling
04 2009 8.7 0.5 0. # Vanhollebeke et al. 2009, A&A, 498, 95; bulge model (+0.57 -0.43)
06 2009 7.58 0.40 0. # Dambis 2009, MNRAS, 396, 553; RR Lyrae, MKs = -2.33 log PF - 0.818 mag, μLMC = 18.27 mag
07 2009 8.4 0.36 0.5 # Reid et al. 2009, ApJ, 700, 137; masers, disk model, Θ0 = 254 ± 16 km s-1
09 2009 7.8 0.6 0. # Majaess et al. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 263; Type II Cepheids, μLMC = 18.50 mag
09 2009 7.7 0.7 0. # Majaess et al. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 263; Type II Cepheids + bulge model, μLMC = 18.50 mag
09 2009 8.24 0.08 0.42 # Matsunaga et al. 2009, AIPC, 1170, 152; Miras
10 2009 8.2 0.4 0. # Bovy et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, 1704; masers, disk model, Θ0 = 244 ± 13 km s-1
10 2009 7.94 0.04 0. # Francis & Anderson 2009, NewA, 14, 615; Reid & Brunthaler (2004) proper motion + Galactic model, Θ0 = 225 ± 9 km s-1
10 2009 7.44 0.04 0. # Francis & Anderson 2009, NewA, 14, 615; masers, Θ0 = 225 ± 9 km s-1
11 2009 7.9 0.8 0. # Reid et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 1548; based on Sgr B2 distance, adjusted -- trigonometric parallax
11 2009 8.24 0.08 0.42 # Matsunaga et al. 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1709; Miras
12 2009 8.28 0.15 0.29 # Gillessen et al. 2009, ApJL, 707, L114; S stars
12 2009 8.34 0.27 0.52 # Gillessen et al. 2009, ApJL, 707, L114; S2 only
12 2009 8.03 0.70 0. # Zhu 2009, RAA, 9, 1285; 301 open clusters, Θ0 = 235 ± 10 km s-1, μHyades = 3.42 mag
12 2009 7.49 0.86 0. # Zhu 2009, RAA, 9, 1285; Θ0 = 235 ± 10 km s-1, Sgr A* proper motion of Reid & Brunthaler (2004)
01 2010 8.0 0.8 0. # Shen & Zhang 2010, ChA&A, 34, 89; Cepheids, Θ0 = 239 ± 12 km s-1, MV = (-2.81 ± 0.06) log P - 1.37 ± 0.07 mag
02 2010 7.7 0.4 0. # Dambis 2010, in Variable Stars, the Galactic halo and Galaxy Formation, p. 177; RR Lyrae, μLMC = 18.30 + 0.09 mag
02 2010 6.7 0.5 0. # McMillan & Binney 2010, MNRAS, 402, 934; maser data, lower limit; Θ0 = 200 ± 20 km s-1
02 2010 8.9 0.9 0. # McMillan & Binney 2010, MNRAS, 402, 934; maser data, upper limit; Θ0 = 279 ± 33 km s-1
02 2010 8.3 0.15 0. # Schödel et al. 2010, A&A, 511, 18; weighted average of literature values, 2006-2009
03 2010 8.1 0.6 0. # Majaess 2010, AcA, 60, 55; RR Lyrae, μLMC = 18.50 mag
09 2010 8.3 0.46 1.0 # Sato et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1055; trigonometric parallax of W51 Main/South (H2O masers), Θ0 = 240 ± 20 km s-1
09 2010 8.1 1.1 0. # Sato et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 1055; model from Reid et al. (1988) -- leads to R0 = 7.1 ± 1.5 kpc; Θ0 = 220 ± 20 km s-1
10 2010 8.25 0.19 0.19 # Genzel et al. 2010, RvMP, 82, 3121; direct measurements and maser data from Reid et al. (2009)
10 2010 8.23 0.20 0.19 # Genzel et al. 2010, RvMP, 82, 3121; weighted average of literature values
10 2010 8.15 0.14 0.35 # Genzel et al. 2010, RvMP, 82, 3121; weighted average of direct and indirect measurements
12 2010 8.0 0.4 0. # Foster & Cooper 2010, ASPC, 438, 16; weighted mean of literature values
12 2010 7.3 0.3 0. # McWilliam & Zoccali 2010, ApJ, 724, 1491; RC stars
02 2011 7.80 0.26 0. # Ando et al. 2011, PASJ, 63, 45; H2O maser parallaxes, Θ0 = 213 ± 5 km s-1
05 2011 8.0 0.3 0. # Yelda et al. 2011, ASPC, 439, 167; orbital modeling, data from Ghez et al. (2008)
05 2011 8.07 0.32 0.13 # Trippe et al. 2011, ASPC, 439, 232; nuclear cluster, velocity dispersion
06 2011 8.4 0.6 0. # Brunthaler et al. 2011, AN, 332, 461; masers, assuming flat rotation curve; Θ0 = 239 or 246 ± 7 km s-1
06 2011 8.3 0.23 0. # Brunthaler et al. 2011, AN, 332, 461; weighted average of direct measurements
07 2011 8.29 0.16 0. # McMillan 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2446; Θ0 = 239 ± 5 km s-1, MW mass modeling
08 2011 7.54 0.77 0. # Sofue et al. 2011, PASJ, 63, 867; kinematics of star-forming regions near the solar circle, Θ0 = 213 ± 5 km s-1
08 2011 7.80 0.39 0. # Sofue et al. 2011, PASJ, 63, 867; Onsala2 maser source (parallax), Θ0 = 213 ± 5 km s-1
08 2011 7.94 0.65 0. # Fritz et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, 73; RC stars, mean
08 2011 7.78 0.63 0. # Fritz et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, 73; RC stars, Ks
08 2011 7.78 0.95 0. # Fritz et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, 73; RC stars, H
08 2011 8.41 0.94 0. # Fritz et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, 73; RC stars, L'
09 2011 7.9 0.2 0.3 # Matsunaga et al. 2011, Nature, 477, 188; 3 Cepheids
05 2012 8.54 0.42 0. # Pietrukowicz et al. 2012, ApJ, 750, 169; RR Lyrae, MV = 2.288 + 0.882 log Z + 0.108 (log Z)2, log Z = [Fe/H] - 1.765 dex
08 2012 7.7 0.4 0. # Morris et al. 2012, RAA, 12, 995; S stars
11 2012 8.1 1.2 0. # Bovy et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 131; line-of-sight kinematics of 3365 stars, flat rotation curve (+1.2 -0.1 kpc)
11 2012 8.0 0.8 0. # Bovy et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 131; line-of-sight kinematics of 3365 stars, power-law rotation curve (+0.8 -0.1 kpc)
11 2012 8.27 0.29 0. # Schö;nrich 2012, MNRAS, 427, 274; stellar kinematics, Θ0 = 250 ± 9 km s-1
12 2012 8.05 0.45 0. # Honma et al. 2012, PASJ, 64, 136; maser astrometry, disk model; Θ0 = 238 ± 14 km s-1
02 2013 8.2 0.34 0. # Gillessen et al. 2013, IAUS, 289, 29; 5 S stars
02 2013 7.25 0.32 0. # Bobylev 2013, AstL, 39, 95; 19 star-forming regions, no Θ0
02 2013 7.66 0.36 0. # Bobylev 2013, AstL, 39, 95; 14 Cepheids, P > 5 d; Θ0 = 267 ± 17 km s-1
02 2013 7.64 0.32 0. # Bobylev 2013, AstL, 39, 95; 18 Cepheids, proper motions; Θ0 = 217 ± 11 km s-1
02 2013 7.94 0.37 0.26 # Matsunaga et al. 2013, IAUS, 289, 109; 100 Miras, Cepheids, RC stars; for μLMC = 18.50 mag
02 2013 8.38 0.18 0. # Reid 2013, IAUS, 289, 188; masers, Θ0 = 243 ± 7 km s-1
02 2013 7.98 0.79 0. # Zhu & Shen 2013, IAUS, 289, 444; Cepheids, Θ0 = 239 ± 23 km s-1
02 2013 8.03 0.70 0. # Zhu & Shen 2013, IAUS, 289, 444; 301 open clusters, Θ0 = 260 ± 15 km s-1
02 2013 8.0 0.25 0. # Malkin 2013, IAUS, 289, 406; literature values, 1992-2011
04 2013 7.91 0.08 0.40 # Bono et al. 2013, ASSP, 34, 115; 3 Cepheids
06 2013 8.20 0.1 0. # Nataf et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 88; RC stars
09 2013 8.13 0. 0. # Cao et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 595; RC stars
10 2013 8.33 0.05 0.14 # Dékány et al. 2013, ApJL, 776, L19; RR Lyrae, Catelan et al. (2004) calibration
10 2013 7.63 0.38 0. # Nikiforov & Smirnova 2013, AN, 334, 749; globular clusters, all methods: MV(HB) = 0.16 [Fe/H] + 0.84 mag
10 2013 7.42 0.23 0. # Nikiforov & Smirnova 2013, AN, 334, 749; globular clusters, all spatial methods: MV(HB) = 0.16 [Fe/H] + 0.84 mag
10 2013 7.36 0.24 0. # Nikiforov & Smirnova 2013, AN, 334, 749; globular clusters, Shapley's method and related spatial methods, same calibration
10 2013 7.91 0.15 0. # Nikiforov & Smirnova 2013, AN, 334, 749; globular clusters, all estimates
11 2013 7.9 0. 0. # Wegg & Gerhard 2013, MNRAS, 435, 1874; RC stars
11 2013 7.73 0.36 0. # Dambis et al. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 3206; RR Lyrae, average value, μLMC = 18.32 ± 0.09 mag
11 2013 7.74 0.40 0. # Dambis et al. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 3206; RR Lyrae, recalibration of Carney et al. (1995) distance, μLMC = 18.32 ± 0.09 mag
11 2013 7.19 0.40 0.24 # Dambis et al. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 3206; RR Lyrae, recalibration of Groenewegen et al. (2008) distance, μLMC = 18.32 ± 0.09 mag
11 2013 8.24 0.39 0. # Dambis et al. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 3206; RR Lyrae, recalibration of Collinge et al. (2006) distance, μLMC = 18.32 ± 0.09 mag
12 2013 8.12 0.42 0. # Do et al. 2013, ApJL, 779, L6; nuclear star cluster, isotropic velocity distribution (+0.43-0.41 kpc)
12 2013 8.92 0.58 0. # Do et al. 2013, ApJL, 779, L6; nuclear star cluster, anisotropic spherical Jeans models
12 2013 8.46 0.40 0. # Do et al. 2013, ApJL, 779, L6; combined with Ghez et al. (2008) (+0.42-0.38 kpc)
03 2014 8.34 0.16 0. # Reid et al. 2014, ApJ, 783, 130; trigonometric parallaxes combined with disk modeling, Θ0 = 240 ± 8 km s-1
03 2014 8.0 0.2 0. # Gardner et al. 2014, MNRAS, 438, 3275; RC stars
06 2014 7.4 0.2 0.2 # Francis & Anderson 2014, MNRAS, 441, 1105; 154 GCs, MV(RR) = 1.067 + 0.502 [M/H] + 0.108 [M/H]2 mag
06 2014 7.5 0.3 0. # Francis & Anderson 2014, MNRAS, 441, 1105; RC stars, Hipparcos recalibration
06 2014 7.6 0. 0. # Francis & Anderson 2014, MNRAS, 441, 1105; RC stars, recalibration of Alves (2000)
06 2014 7.3 0. 0. # Francis & Anderson 2014, MNRAS, 441, 1105; RC stars, recalibration of Babusiaux & Gilmore (2005)
06 2014 7.2 0. 0. # Francis & Anderson 2014, MNRAS, 441, 1105; RC stars, recalibration of Nishiyama et al. (2006)
09 2014 6.72 0.39 0. # Branham 2014, ApSS, 353, 179; Θ0 = 298 ± 7 km s-1, 6400 OB stars out to 3 kpc
11 2014 8.03 0.12 0. # Bajkova & Bobylev 2015, BaltA, 24, 43; maser kinematics (N = 93), Galactic rotation curve model
02 2015 8.27 0.09 0.1 # Chatzopoulos et al. 2015, MNRAS, 447, 948; nuclear star cluster kinematics
02 2015 8.33 0.11 0. # Chatzopoulos et al. 2015, MNRAS, 447, 948; joint analysis with Gillessen et al. (2009) results
04 2015 8.30 0.25 0. # Küpper et al. 2015, ApJ, 803, 80; Pal 5 stellar streams in Galactic tidal field
05 2015 7.6 1.35 0. # Ali et al. 2015, ApSS, 357, 21; PNe centroid
10 2015 8.27 0.01 0.40 # Pietrukowicz et al. 2014, ApJ, 811, 113; RR Lyrae, Catelan et al. (2004) calibration
10 2015 7.68 0.07 0. # Branham 2015, ApSS, 359, 54; 36,061 A and F stars, solution to nonlinear kinematic equations; Θ0 = 275 ± 19 km s-1
01 2016 8.9 0.4 0. # Catchpole et al. 2016, MNRAS, 455, 2216; Miras, 2.1 ≦ log P < 2.6
01 2016 8.5 0.4 0. # Catchpole et al. 2016, MNRAS, 455, 2216; Miras, 2.6 ≦ log P < 2.7
01 2016 8.9 0.4 0. # Catchpole et al. 2016, MNRAS, 455, 2216; Miras, combined
03 2016 8.24 0.12 0. # Rastorguev et al. 2016, unpublished (arXiv:1603.09124); 136 masers, statistical parallax
10 2016 7.86 0.14 0.04 # Boehle et al. 2016, ApJ, 830, 17; Galactic Centre S stars