# Title: Clustering of Local Group distances: publication bias or correlated measurements? VI. Messier 87 and the Virgo cluster
# Authors: Richard de Grijs, Giuseppe Bono
# Journal: ApJS, 246, 3 (2020)
# Table: m87distbyyear.dat
#
# updated 19/05/2019
#
#MM YYYY (m-M)0 +- V(irgo)/
# M(87) # Reference; tracer
#
03 1929 26.5 0. V # Hubble 1929, PNAS, 15, 168; galaxy luminosities
00 1930 27.4 0. V # Shapley 1930, Star Clusters; 10 Mly - velocity-distance relation, galaxy luminosities
07 1931 26.3 0. V # Hubble & Humason 1931, ApJ, 74, 43; velocity-distance relation, galaxy luminosities
07 1931 27.2 0. V # Hubble & Humason 1931, ApJ, 74, 43; revised scale (Shapley 1930: 9 Mly)
00 1936 26.7 0. V # Hubble 1936, Realm of the Nebulae; velocity-distance relation, galaxy luminosities
10 1955 30.2 0. M # Baum 1955, PASP, 67, 328; brightest GC in M87
05 1958 30.7 0.5 M # Sandage 1958, ApJ, 127, 513; GCLF, GC sizes
00 1960 29.8 0.7 V # Pskovskii 1960, Sov. Astron., 4, 805; method unspecified
05 1960 30.0 0. V # Sersic 1960, ZfA, 50, 168; HII region sizes
05 1961 30.27 0.23 V # de Vaucouleurs 1961, ApJS, 6, 213; Virgo S, distance-velocity relation
00 1964 30.76 0. V # Holmberg 1964, Ark. Astron., 3, 419; corrected color-surface brightness relation
06 1968 31.1 0. M # Sandage 1968, ApJL, 152, L149; brightest GC in M87
12 1968 30.7 0.2 V # Racine 1968, JRASC, 62, 367; GCLF
10 1969 30.9 0. V # Kowal 1969, PASP, 81, 608; SN I
02 1970 31.5 0. V # de Vaucouleurs 1970, ApJ, 159, 435; brightest GC in M87
00 1972 30.9 0.5 V # Heidmann et al. 1972, MmRAS, 75, 85; diameter-luminosity relation, Virgo S Cloud
06 1974 31.4 0. V # Sandage & Tammann 1974, ApJ, 190, 525; HII region sizes
12 1974 31.45 0.09 V # Sandage & Tammann 1974, ApJ, 194, 559; HII region sizes
01 1975 30.5 0. V # de Vaucouleurs 1975, Stars and Stellar Systems, 9, 557; group distances, corrected for size of sample
01 1975 30.87 0.2 V # de Vaucouleurs 1975, Stars and Stellar Systems, 9, 557; group distances, corrected for size of sample
09 1976 31.55 0.12 V # Tammann 1977, IAUC, 37, 43; method unclear
09 1976 30.8 0.2 V # Tully & Fisher 1977, IAUC, 37, 95; TFR
09 1976 30.7 0.5 V # Heidmann 1977, IAUC, 37, 487; TFR
11 1976 31.4 0.2 V # Sandage & Tammann 1976, ApJ, 210, 7; B-band TFR
11 1976 31.50 0.08 V # Sandage & Tammann 1976, ApJ, 210, 7; 6 optical methods
11 1976 31.70 0.08 V # Sandage & Tammann 1976, ApJ, 210, 7; revised Hyades zeropoint
11 1976 31.50 0.10 V # Sandage & Tammann 1976, ApJ, 210, 7; luminosity classes, mean
02 1977 30.60 0. V # Tully & Fisher 1977, A&A, 54, 661; TFR
03 1977 30.4 0.3 V # de Vaucouleurs 1977, Nature, 266, 126; GCLF
03 1977 30.51 0.2 V # de Vaucouleurs 1977, Nature, 266, 126; group distances, corrected for size of sample
03 1977 30.65 0.15 V # de Vaucouleurs 1977, Nature, 266, 126; weighted mean of the literature
03 1977 30.45 0.15 V # de Vaucouleurs 1977, Nature, 266, 126; weighted mean corrected for extinction
08 1977 30.4 0.5 V # Hanes 1977, MNRAS, 180, 309; GCLF
07 1978 30.60 0.39 V # Visvanathan 1978, A&A, 67, L17; color-magnitude relation
00 1979 30.9 0.3 V # Harris & Racine 1979, ARA&A, 17, 241; GCLF
02 1979 30.52 0. V # de Vaucouleurs 1979, ApJ, 227, 729; diameters, galaxy luminosities
03 1979 31.20 0. V # Kennicutt 1979, ApJ, 228, 696; HII region sizes
04 1979 31.07 0.25 V # Aaronson et al. 1979, ApJ, 229, 1; TFR
05 1979 31.26 0.16 V # Visvanathan & Griersmith 1979, ApJ, 230, 1; color-magnitude relation
09 1979 30.7 0.3 V # Hanes 1979, MNRAS, 188, 901; GCLF
11 1979 31.06 0. V # Michard 1979, A&A, 79, 337; Virgo E, color-magnitude relation 1
11 1979 30.84 0. V # Michard 1979, A&A, 79, 337; Virgo E, color-magnitude relation 2
11 1979 30.67 0. V # Michard 1979, A&A, 79, 337; Virgo E, color-magnitude relation 3
12 1979 32.0 0.6 V # Branch et al. 1979, BAAS, 11, 694; SN II in M100
06 1980 30.53 0.13 V # Carney 1980, cited in Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; TFR
06 1980 30.98 0.08 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; TFR
06 1980 30.98 0.09 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; H-band TFR
06 1980 30.98 0.08 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; mean value of 9 other distance indicators
06 1980 31.15 0.50 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; resolution difference
06 1980 31.13 0.22 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; luminosity classes
06 1980 31.20 0.27 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; HII region sizes
06 1980 31.17 0.35 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; velocity ratios
06 1980 30.90 0.22 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; color-magnitude-luminosity class relation
06 1980 31.40 0.85 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; SN I (relative to M101)
06 1980 31.73 0.62 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; SN I (Baade-Wesselink)
06 1980 31.04 0.56 V # Mould et al. 1980, ApJ, 238, 458; magnitude - Σ relation
00 1981 31.15 0. V # Visvanathan 1981, PASA, 4, 172; redshift-distance relation
03 1981 31.81 0.28 V # Branch et al. 1981, ApJ, 244, 780; SN II in M100
03 1982 31.0 0.3 V # Arnett 1982, ApJ, 254, 1; SNe I
05 1982 31.68 0.29 V # Sandage & Tammann 1982, ApJ, 256, 339; SNe Ia
05 1982 30.51 0.2 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1982, ApJ, 256, 346; Faber-Jackson relation
10 1982 30.8 0.2 V # Hanes 1982, MNRAS, 201, 145; re-examination of the Sandage & Tammann distance scale
02 1982 30.88 0.9 V # de Vaucouleurs 1982, ApJ, 253, 520; TFR, Virgo S Cloud
02 1982 30.93 0.11 V # de Vaucouleurs 1982, ApJ, 253, 520; TFR, Virgo S Cloud, restricted velocity range
03 1982 20.9 0. V # van den Bergh & Harris 1982, AJ, 87, 494; GCLF
08 1982 30.8 0. V # Hanes 1983, Highl. Astron, 6, 227; literature average
01 1983 30.69 0.3 V # Buta & de Vaucouleurs 1983, ApJS, 51, 149; diameters of inner galactic rings
03 1983 30.63 0.2 V # Buta & de Vaucouleurs 1983, ApJ, 266, 1; diameters of inner galactic rings
01 1983 30.61 0. V # de Vaucouleurs 1983, MNRAS, 202, 367; SN I
01 1983 30.37 0. V # de Vaucouleurs 1983, MNRAS, 202, 367; from assumed membership in Virgo group E
02 1983 31.08 0.11 V # Aaronson & Mould 1983, ApJ, 265, 1; TFR
12 1983 31.37 0.29 V # Visvanathan 1983, ApJ, 275, 430; TFR
06 1984 30.88 0.15 V # Bottinelli et al. 1984, A&AS, 56, 381; B-band TFR
06 1984 31.12 0.08 V # Tully & Shaya 1984, ApJ, 281, 31; mean of at least 4 methods
01 1984 31.47 0.34 V # Sandage & Tammann 1984, Nat., 307, 326; IR TFR
03 1984 31.74 0.37 V # Richter & Huchtmeier 1984, A&A, 132, 253; B-band TFR, full sample
03 1984 32.06 0.31 V # Richter & Huchtmeier 1984, A&A, 132, 253; B-band TFR, reduced sample
09 1984 30.72 0.32 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1984, ApJS, 56, 91; Faber-Jackson relation (already in the standard system)
09 1984 30.42 0.46 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1984, ApJS, 56, 91; magnitude-diameter-color relation
09 1984 30.66 0.63 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1984, ApJS, 56, 91; updated magnitude-diameter-color relation
09 1984 31.54 1.61 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1984, ApJS, 56, 91; color-luminosity relation
09 1984 30.49 0.25 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1984, ApJS, 56, 91; group membership
09 1984 30.59 0.25 V # de Vaucouleurs & Olson 1984, ApJS, 56, 91; mean, reduced to the standard system
09 1984 31.325 0. V # Richter 1985, ESO Conf. Proc., 20, 409; average
09 1984 30.38 0.10 V # de Vaucouleurs 1985, ESO Conf. Proc., 20, 413; average of six methods for early-type galaxies
01 1985 31.4 1.0 M # Pritchet & van den Bergh 1985, ApJL, 288, L41; novae, 30.4 < (m-M)B < 32.4 mag
04 1985 31.43 0.3 M # van den Bergh et al. 1985, AJ, 90, 595; GCLF
10 1985 31.23 0.32 V # van den Bergh 1985, ApJ, 297, 361; GCLF
11 1985 30.74 0.20 V # Bottinelli et al. 1985, ApJS, 59, 293; sosies, 8 members of the Virgo S Cloud
11 1985 30.71 0.2 V # Bottinelli et al. 1985, ApJS, 59, 293; mean of six other methods
03 1986 30.82 0.12 V # Aaronson et al. 1986, ApJ, 302, 536; IR TFR
06 1986 31.4 0. V # Grillmair et al. 1986, AJ, 91, 1328; GCLF
08 1986 31.57 0.25 V # Tammann 1987, IAUS, 124, 151; TFR
08 1986 31.94 0.44 V # Tammann 1987, IAUS, 124, 151; SNe Ia
08 1986 31.6 0.3 V # Tammann 1987, IAUS, 124, 151; Final recommendation
09 1986 30.8 0.3 V # de Vaucouleurs & Corwin 1986, ApJ, 308, 487; based on "look-alike" nature of Virgo S Cloud galaxies and M31
09 1986 31.48 0. V # Dressler 1986, BAAS, 18, 1015; Dn - σ
06 1987 31.64 0.3 V # Dressler 1987, ApJ, 317, 1; Dn - σ
07 1987 31.45 0.44 V # Pritchet & van den Bergh 1987, ApJ, 318, 507; novae
07 1987 30.95 0.4 V # Pritchet & van den Bergh 1987, ApJ, 318, 507; novae, using the Cohen (1985) Galactic calibration
10 1987 30.3 0.3 V # Hanes & Whittaker 1987, AJ, 94, 906; GCLF
10 1987 30.5 0.1 V # Hanes & Whittaker 1987, AJ, 94, 906; GCLF, mean for 5 galaxies from de Vaucouleurs & Olson (1984)
10 1987 30.9 0.3 M # Hanes & Whittaker 1987, AJ, 94, 906; GCLF, blue GCs
10 1987 31.15 1.2 M # Harris 1987, PASP, 99, 1031; GCLF, errors +1.5 -0.9 mag
03 1988 31.40 0.16 V # Rowan-Robinson 1988, SSRv, 48, 1; weighted mean
06 1988 31.74 0.17 V # Harris 1988, ASPC, 4, 231; GCLF
06 1988 31.73 0.09 V # Tammann 1988, ASPC, 4, 282; formal mean of 5 methods
06 1988 31.86 0.20 V # Tammann 1988, ASPC, 4, 282; SNe Ia
06 1988 31.85 0.19 V # Tammann 1988, ASPC, 4, 282; Dn - σ
06 1988 31.60 0.15 V # Tammann 1988, ASPC, 4, 282; TFR
08 1988 31.60 0.15 V # Kraan-Korteweg et al. 1988, ApJ, 331, 620; TFR
08 1988 31.62 0.15 V # Kraan-Korteweg et al. 1988, ApJ, 331, 620; TFR, weighted mean (literature)
08 1988 31.73 0.09 V # Tammann 1988, ASPC, 4, 282; formal mean of 5 methods
10 1988 30.97 0.19 V # Pierce & Tully 1988, PASP, 100, R1224; TFR
11 1988 30.89 0.14 V # Melnick et al. 1988, MNRAS, 235, 297; HII region sizes
03 1989 30.9 0. V # Jacoby 1989, BAAS, 21, 771; PNLF
04 1989 31.14 0.37 V # Faber et al. 1989, ApJS, 69, 763; Dn - σ
04 1989 30.81 0.25 V # Faber et al. 1989, ApJS, 69, 763; Dn - σ, corrected for incorrect infall velocity
07 1989 31.52 0.16 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; GCLF
07 1989 31.4 0.4 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; novae
07 1989 30.85 0.4 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; TFR
07 1989 31.52 0.16 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; SNe Ia
07 1989 31.90 0.25 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; GCLF
07 1989 31.8 0.4 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; SNe (Baade-Wesselink)
07 1989 31.7 0.6 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; SNe (VLBI)
07 1989 31.9 0.25 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; SNe (weighted meaan)
07 1989 31.54 0.11 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; weighted mean
07 1989 31.47 0.17 V # van den Bergh 1989, A&ARv, 1, 111; unweighted mean
09 1989 31.11 0.29 V # Pierce 1989, ApJL, 344, L57; L - σ
09 1989 30.79 0.23 V # Pierce 1989, ApJL, 344, L57; L - σ - Σ
11 1989 30.72 0.17 V # Tonry et al. 1989, ApJ, 346, L57; SBF
11 1989 31.69 0.29 V # Tonry et al. 1989, ApJL, 346, L57; Dn - σ
01 1990 31.4 0.2 V # Fouqué et al. 1990, ApJ, 349, 1; B-band TFR
02 1990 31.30 0.40 V # Capaccioli et al. 1990, ApJ, 350, 110; novae
06 1990 30.84 0.14 V # Jacoby et al. 1990, ApJ, 356, 332; PNLF
06 1990 30.81 0.06 M # Jacoby et al. 1990, ApJ, 356, 332; PNLF
11 1990 31.15 0.13 V # Tonry et al. 1990, AJ, 100, 1416; 11/1990; I-band SBF
05 1991 31.46 0.25 V # Harris et al. 1991, ApJS, 76, 115; GCLF
07 1992 31.3 0. V # Teerikorpi et al. 1992, A&A, 260, 17; B-band TFR, recalibrated
07 1992 31.1 0. V # Teerikorpi et al. 1992, A&A, 260, 17; better fit to velocity-distance data
08 1992 31.37 0.40 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; GCLF
08 1992 31.62 0.40 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; novae
08 1992 31.43 0.50 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; SNe Ia
08 1992 31.00 0.20 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; TFR
08 1992 30.93 0.15 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; PNLF
08 1992 31.87 0.12 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; SBF
08 1992 31.13 0.29 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; Dn - σ
08 1992 31.02 0.22 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; weighted average of 7 methods
08 1992 31.23 0.25 V # Jacoby et al. 1992, PASP, 104, 599; unweighted average of 7 methods
01 1993 31.3 0.3 M # Lee & Geisler 1993, ASPC, 48, 576; GCLF
07 1993 31.44 0. V # Fukugita et al. 1993, ApJL, 412, L13; TFR
08 1993 30.9 0.2 V # Méndez et al. 1993, A&A, 275, 534; PNLF
12 1993 30.87 0.10 V # Ciardullo et al. 1993, ApJ, 419, 479; SBF
12 1993 30.86 0.09 V # Ciardullo et al. 1993, ApJ, 419, 479; PNLF
09 1994 30.87 0.15 V # Pierce et al. 1994, Nat., 371, 385; Cepheids, NGC 4571
09 1994 31.16 0.22 V # Freedman et al. 1994, Nat., 371, 757; Cepheids, M100
11 1994 31.15 0.5 V # van den Bergh 1994, PASP, 106, 1113; comparison of M31 diameter with Sb-type Virgo spirals
01 1995 31.25 0. V # Abraham & van den Bergh 1995, ApJ, 438, 218; GCLF, with MV0 = -7.4 mag
12 1995 31.12 0.25 M # Whitmore et al. 1995, ApJL, 454, L73; GCLF
12 1995 31.12 0. M # Sparks 1996, in: Science with the Hubble Space Telescope. II, p. 43; GCLF
00 1996 31.71 0.12 V # Federspiel & Tammann 1996, Astron. Gesell. Abs. Ser., 12, 219; TFR, sample 1
00 1996 31.73 0.12 V # Federspiel & Tammann 1996, Astron. Gesell. Abs. Ser., 12, 219; TFR, sample 2
00 1996 31.89 0.12 V # Federspiel & Tammann 1996, Astron. Gesell. Abs. Ser., 12, 219; TFR, sample 3
00 1996 31.91 0.12 V # Federspiel & Tammann 1996, Astron. Gesell. Abs. Ser., 12, 219; TFR, sample 4
05 1996 31.35 0.35 V # Livio 1997, The Extragalactic Distance Scale, p. 186
12 1996 31.02 0.08 V # van den Bergh 1996, PASP, 108, 1091; Cepheids
12 1996 31.02 0.2 V # van den Bergh 1996, PASP, 108, 1091; SNe Ia
02 1997 31.03 0.05 M # Tonry et al. 1997, ApJ, 475, 399; SBF
02 1997 31.17 0. M # Yasuda et al. 1997, ApJS, 108, 417; TFR
09 1997 31.61 0.16 V # Saha et al. 1997, ApJ, 486, 1; SNe Ia
#09 1997 30.99 0.14 M # Neilsen et al. 1999, LNP, 530, 50; SBF
#09 1997 30.76 0.26 M # Neilsen et al. 1999, LNP, 530, 50; GCLF
#09 1997 30.87 0.10 M # Neilsen et al. 1999, LNP, 530, 50; PNLF
10 1997 30.81 0.17 M # Ostriker & Gnedin 1997, ApJ, 487, 667; GCLF
01 1998 30.79 0.16 M # Ciardullo et al. 1998, ApJ, 492, 62; PNLF
01 1998 30.85 0.09 M # Ciardullo et al. 1998, ApJ, 492, 62; PNLF, rescaled Jacoby et al. (1990) value
03 1998 31.58 0.24 V # Federspiel et al. 1998, ApJ, 495, 115; TFR
08 1998 30.87 0.22 M # Feldmeier et al. 1998, ApJ, 503, 109; PNLF
12 1998 31.45 0.21 V # Tammann et al. 2000, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 80, 13/11; Cepheids
12 1998 31.59 0.15 V # Tammann et al. 2000, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 80, 13/11; SNe Ia
12 1998 31.70 0.10 V # Tammann et al. 2000, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 80, 13/11; GCLF
12 1998 31.70 0.15 V # Tammann et al. 2000, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 80, 13/11; Dn - σ
12 1998 31.46 0.40 V # Tammann et al. 2000, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 80, 13/11; novae
12 1998 31.60 0.09 V # Tammann et al. 2000, Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., 80, 13/11; average of six methods
03 1999 30.97 0. M # Kundu et al. 1999, ApJ, 513, 733; GCLF, with MV0 = -7.3 mag
04 1999 30.84 0.06 M # Gavazzi et al. 1999, MNRAS, 304, 595; TFR, Fundamental Plane (combined)
08 1999 31.02 0.03 V # Macri et al. 1999, ApJ, 521, 155; Cepheids
01 2000 31.06 0. M # Cohen 2000, AJ, 119, 162; weighted average
02 2000 31.04 0.06 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; Cepheids
02 2000 30.91 0.10 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; TRGB
02 2000 30.90 0.07 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; PNLF
02 2000 31.29 0.23 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; V-band GCLF
02 2000 31.19 0.04 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; SBF, I
02 2000 31.09 0.06 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; SBF, F814W
02 2000 30.87 0.09 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; SBF, Ks
02 2000 31.18 0.10 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; SBF, K'
02 2000 31.07 0.03 M # Ferrarese et al. 2000, ApJ, 529, 745; average
02 2000 31.15 0.03 V # Tonry et al. 2000, ApJ, 530, 625; SBF
02 2000 31.03 0.16 M # Tonry et al. 2000, ApJ, 530, 625; SBF
06 2000 31.15 0.12 V # Neilsen & Tsvetanov 2000, ApJ, 536, 255; SBF
01 2001 31.15 0.03 V # Tonry et al. 2001, ApJ, 546, 681; SBF
01 2001 31.03 0.16 M # Tonry et al. 2001, ApJ, 546, 681; SBF
05 2001 30.81 0.04 V # Freedman et al. 2001, ApJ, 553, 47; Cepheids, recalibration
02 2004 31.23 0.06 V # Jerjen et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 771; SBF
02 2004 31.00 0. M # Jerjen et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 771; SBF, M87
01 2007 31.18 0.07 V # Mei et al. 2007, ApJ, 655, 144; TRGB
02 2007 31.05 0.05 V # Williams et al. 2007, ApJ, 656, 756; TRGB
12 2010 31.12 0.14 M # Bird et al. 2010, A&A, 524, A71; TRGB
12 2010 31.08 0.06 M # Bird et al. 2010, A&A, 524, A71; average of four methods (TRGB, PNLF, GC sizes, SBF/Cepheids)
12 2011 31.02 0. M # Yoon et al. 2011, ApJ, 743, 149; GCLF
10 2013 30.74 0. M # Longobardi et al. 2013, A&A, 558, A42; PNLF
12 2016 31.28 0. V # Planck Collaboration et al. 2016, A&A, 596, A101; baryon density
07 2017 31.29 0.08 V # Hartke et al. 2017, A&A, 603, A104; PNLF, M49